What is the purpose of 'risk assessment' in GIS?

The purpose of risk assessment in GIS is focused on evaluating potential hazards and vulnerabilities. This involves systematically identifying and analyzing risks that could impact people, property, and the environment. In GIS, this assessment utilizes spatial data to pinpoint areas at higher risk due to factors like natural disasters, urban development, or infrastructure failure.

By mapping hazards such as floods, earthquakes, or industrial accidents alongside data regarding population density, socio-economic conditions, and critical infrastructure, GIS professionals can provide insights into where vulnerable populations are located and how they might be affected by these risks. This allows for better planning, mitigation strategies, and emergency response measures, ultimately contributing to improved public safety and resource allocation.

Other choices do not align with the primary objectives of risk assessment in GIS. Creating maps for tourism is a different application focused on showcasing points of interest rather than analyzing vulnerabilities. Analyzing social behavior pertains to understanding demographics and social dynamics, which is outside the scope of risk assessment. Monitoring environmental changes is more aligned with environmental science and ecology rather than specifically assessing risks per se.