Name one common raster data format used in GIS.

GeoTIFF is a widely used raster data format in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It is an extension of the TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) that includes georeferencing information, making it possible to associate the raster image with specific geographic coordinates. This geospatial metadata allows GIS applications to accurately place the raster image in relation to other geographic data layers.

GeoTIFF supports various types of raster data, including satellite imagery, elevation data, and aerial photographs, making it versatile for many applications. Its widespread compatibility with different GIS software and capabilities for storing multiple bands of data further enhances its usefulness in geospatial analysis.

The other formats mentioned serve different purposes; shapefiles are primarily used for vector data, CSV (Comma-Separated Values) is typically used for tabular data, and XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language often utilized for data interchange and not specifically designed for raster data storage.